Outer shell

Outer electrons is the term given to the shell/energy level furthest from the nucleus containing the electron furthest from the nucleus

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Nuclear Charge of Atoms

The nuclear charge of an atom is the measure of the effect of attraction between the protons in the nucleus and the outer electron

Shielding of the Nucleus

Shielding is the effect of the inner shells of electrons on weakening the attraction between the protons in the nucleus and the outer electron.

Ionisation Energies

Ionisation energy is a measure of the amount of energy required to remove an outer electron from an atom creating a positively charged ion.

Group 1: The Alkali Metals

Group 1 is the first group in the periodic table containing elements that are commonly known as the Alkali metals. They are all metals and increase in reactivity down the group and when reacted with water form alkali solutions

Nuclear Charge

Nuclear charge is a measure of the effect of the number of protons in the nucleus and their ability to attract the negative electrons in orbits around the nucleus.